What is the Oral Microbiome?

The Microbiome - What is it and Why is it Important?

The microbiome refers to the collection of microorganisms—bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes—that live in and on your body. These microscopic communities are found in various places, such as your skin, mouth, gut, respiratory tract, and more. Together, they play a crucial role in maintaining your health by aiding in digestion, protecting against harmful pathogens, and supporting your immune system, among other functions.

In general, your body hosts several major microbiomes based on their location, including:

• Gut Microbiome: Found in your digestive system, primarily in your intestines.
• Oral Microbiome: Located in your mouth.
• Skin Microbiome: Resides on the surface of your skin.
• Respiratory Microbiome: Found in the nasal passages, throat, and lungs.
• Urogenital Microbiome: Found in the urinary and genital tracts.
  

What is the Oral Microbiome?

The oral microbiome refers to the collection of microorganisms—such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and even protozoa—that inhabit your oral cavity. While the idea of trillions of tiny creatures cohabiting in your mouth may sound unsettling, these microbes are key players in maintaining your oral health.

Your mouth hosts a variety of environments—teeth, tongue, gums, palate, and even saliva—all of which provide unique habitats for different microbial species. This diversity creates a carefully balanced community that interacts not only within your mouth but also with the rest of your body.

What Does the Oral Microbiome Do?

A healthy oral microbiome is like a well-tuned orchestra, with all its members performing in harmony to keep your mouth healthy. It aids in several important functions, such as:

• Breaking Down Food: Assisting with digestion begins as soon as food enters your mouth.
  
• Protecting Against Pathogens: The "good" bacteria act as bouncers, keeping harmful microorganisms in check.
  
• Maintaining Oral Health: These microbes help regulate your pH levels, preventing excessive acid buildup that can erode teeth.
  

What Factors Affect the Oral Microbiome?

Caring for your oral microbiome isn't just about brushing and flossing (though those are crucial). Factors which affect the Oral Microbiome include:

Diet - High-sugar or processed foods feed harmful bacteria, increasing the risk of cavities and gum disease.

Oral Hygiene - Poor oral hygiene allows harmful bacteria to thrive and disrupt the microbiome.

Medications - Antibiotics can alter the microbiome by killing both harmful and beneficial bacteria. 

Saliva - Saliva acts as a natural cleanser for your mouth, washing away food particles and neutralizing acids. Dry mouth (xerostomia), caused by dehydration or certain conditions, can disrupt the microbial balance.

Smoking - Tobacco products promote harmful bacteria and create an environment more prone to gum disease and other oral health issues.

Stress - Chronic stress can weaken the immune system and indirectly affect the oral microbiome by allowing harmful microbes to dominate.

Age - The oral microbiome evolves with age, adapting to changes in diet, health, and environment.

Medical Conditions - Conditions like diabetes, hormonal changes (e.g., pregnancy, menopause), or autoimmune disorders can influence the oral microbiome.

Mouth Breathing - Breathing through your mouth, rather than your nose, can dry out the oral cavity, impacting the microbial environment.

How To Improve Your Oral Microbiome

Improving your oral microbiome involves fostering a balanced environment in your mouth where beneficial microbes thrive. Here are some practical strategies:

Maintain Excellent Oral Hygiene

• Brush your teeth twice a day with toothpaste to prevent harmful bacteria from building up.
  
• Floss daily to remove food particles and plaque from areas your toothbrush can't reach.
  

Limit Sugar and Processed Foods

• Sugary and starchy foods feed harmful bacteria, leading to imbalances. Opt for a diet rich in whole foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Stay Hydrated

• Drinking water encourages saliva production, which helps wash away harmful bacteria and maintain pH balance.
  

Eat Probiotic and Prebiotic-Rich Foods

• Include probiotics like yogurt, kefir, or fermented vegetables to introduce beneficial bacteria.
• Consume prebiotics (fibers found in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains) to feed the good bacteria.
  

Rinse with Water After Meals

• A simple rinse can help remove food particles and neutralise acids without disrupting the microbiome like some harsh mouthwashes can.
  

Use Gentle Oral Products

• Avoid alcohol-based mouthwashes or overly harsh dental products that can disrupt the microbiome. Instead, choose products designed to support microbiome health.
  

Chew Sugar-Free Gum

• This can stimulate saliva production, which is crucial for a balanced microbiome.
  

Visit Your Dentist Regularly

• Professional cleanings and checkups are important for preventing imbalances and catching issues early.
• Stay hydrated and talk to a dentist if medications or conditions are causing dry mouth.
  

Minimize Tobacco and Alcohol Use

• Smoking and excessive alcohol can disrupt the oral environment, making it harder for beneficial bacteria to thrive.

Incorporating these habits can promote a balanced oral microbiome, contributing to both oral and overall health.

What is the Best Toothpaste for the Oral Microbiome?

The best toothpaste for the oral microbiome is one that supports beneficial bacteria while minimising harm to the microbial balance. Here are some key features to look for:

• Hydroxyapatite - Helps strengthen enamel and prevent cavities without directly killing bacteria
• Prebiotic Ingredients - Some toothpastes include prebiotics to nourish beneficial bacteria
• Gentle Formulas - Avoid harsh abrasives and alcohol-based products that can disrupt the microbiome.
• Natural Antimicrobials - Ingredients like xylitol or zinc compounds can target harmful bacteria without overly disrupting the balance.
  

Brands like RiseWell and others focusing on microbiome-friendly formulations are gaining popularity for their gentle and supportive approach.

	RiseWell Mineral Toothpaste - 118ml - 1 month supply RiseWell Mineral Toothpaste is powered by Hydroxyapatite creating a formula that is clean, safe and incredibly effective at strengthening, remineralizing and protecting the teeth.
	RiseWell Balancing Mouthwash - 474ml - 1 month supply This alkalising mouthwash is beneficial for the oral microbiome and it helps balance the pH. It freshens breath whilst contributing to a more favourable environment for oral health and healthier teeth. It does not contain alcohol or any artificial ingredients.
	Dentalcidin (Oral Microbiome Toothpaste with Biocidin) - 90ml - 1 month supply A broad-spectrum toothpaste containing Biocidin®, a botanical formula with a strong track record in removing bacterial biofilms (plaque), leading to fresher breath and a brighter smile. Dentalcidin toothpaste gently and effectively cleans and whitens teeth, while supporting a healthy microbial balance.